Western Freshwater Mussels
Freshwater mussels are experiencing a dramatic decline; seventy-one percent of all species of North American freshwater mussels are considered either endangered, threatened, or of special concern, representing one of the most at-risk groups of animals in the United States (Williams et al. 1993). The decline of freshwater mussels has been well studied in eastern North America, but has received very little attention in states west of the Rocky Mountains. While there is a paucity of information on the biology and status of western freshwater mussels, anecdotal evidence suggests that these animals are experiencing population declines due to habitat alteration or destruction and loss of host fish species.
To better understand the status and distribution of these animals, The Xerces Society recently completed a Status Review of three of the most imperiled species and species groups of freshwater mussels that inhabit the U.S. west of the Rocky Mountains: the western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata), the western ridged floater (Gonidea angulata) and the California floater/winged floater group (Anodonta californiensis/Anodonta nuttalliana). We conclude that severe declines have occurred in the parts of the ranges of each of the species or species groups reviewed, and all three are of conservation concern.
Native freshwater mussels have immense ecological and cultural significance. As filter-feeders, they can substantially improve water quality, which benefits aquatic ecosystems and, ultimately, humans. Freshwater mussels can benefit native fish by making food more visible and bioavailable to the fish. These animals can be highly sensitive to environmental changes and thus have great potential to be used as indicators of water quality. Freshwater mussels were historically important sources of food, tools, and other implements for many Native American tribes. Native Americans in the interior Columbia Basin have harvested these animals for at least 10,000 years.
Learn more about mollusks and different Western freshwater mussels here.
Resources
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Overlooked Gems: The Benefits of Freshwater Mussels
By Al Smith and Sarina Jepsen. An article from Wings magazine.
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Freshwater Mussels of the Pacific Northwest (2nd edition)
By Ethan Nedeau, Al Smith, Jen Stone and Sarina Jepsen. This guide was a project of the Pacific Northwest Native Freshwater Mussel Workgroup, a consortium of individuals from state and federal agencies, private businesses and nonprofits that aims to conserve freshwater mussels by ensuring that research, management, and educational activities are coordinated, prioritized, and consistent with identified information needs.
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Freshwater Mussel Relocation Guidelines
Written and edited by Christina Luzier and Shelly Miller. Mussel relocation projects are undertaken for a variety of reasons. Many projects are intended to move mussels from the zone of impact of a construction project.
