Recommended Citation: Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation (Xerces) and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Mussel Project (CTUIR). [Year Accessed]. Western Freshwater Mussel Database. Available at https://www.xerces.org/endangered-species/freshwater-mussels/database. List of contributors available at: https://xerces.org/endangered-species/freshwater-mussels/database/contributors.
Data for this database was gathered from the following individuals, institutions, and staff, and peer-reviewed literature or unpublished reports. Sources may be repeated if data or information was shared by individuals in multiple capacities.
Individuals
Aaron David, Adam Baldinger, Al Grant, Al Smith, Alan Launer, Alex Farrand, Alex Wenninger, Alexa Maine, Alexander Rhodes, Amanda Droghini, Amy Dawley, Amy Edwards, Andra Love, Andre Martel, Andrew Chione, Andy Bauer, Ann Gannam, Ann Gray, Art Bass, Art Bogan, Ben Scofield, Bengt Miller, Beth Glidewell, Beth Toberer, Bill Gerth, Bill Shepard, Bob Brenner, Bob Wisseman, Bonnie Pryor, Brent Johnson, Bret Harvey, Brett Blundon, Brian Bangs, Brian Lang, Bruce Hansen, Bruce Lang, Bryan Maloney, C. L. Van Eysinga, Caitlin LaBar, Caleb Price, Caleb Zurstadt, Camm Swift, Candace Fallon, Carol Evans, Carol Gelvin-Reymiller, Carol Hughes, Catherine Mandanella, Cedric Lee, Celeste Mazzacano, Chad Helms, Charlie Justus, Charlie Quinn, Chris Hogle, Christina Piotrowski, Christine Clapp, Christine O'Brien, Christy Bills, Chuti Fiedler, Cody Fleece, Cole Lindsay, Colin Dillingham, Cory Sipher, Courtney Newlon, Cynthia Tait, Dale Swedberg, Daniel Bogan, Darci Rivers-Pankratz, Darcy McNamara, Dave Hopper, Dave Plawman, David Cook, David Cowles, David Jigour, David Kennedy, David Richards, David Stagliano, David Wolfe, Denise Dammann, Donna Allard, Donna Nez, Dorene MacCoy, Doug Garletts, Doug Nemeth, Doug Post, Ed Johannes, Elizabeth Bockstiegel, Elizabeth Torrey, Emilie Blevins, Emily Davis, Emily Rahlman, Eric Andersen, Eric Starkey, Eric Wagner, Erin Kramer-Wilt, Erin Miller, Ethan Nedeau, Franchesca Perez, Frank Mullins, Frank Staller, Fred Schueler, Gary Lester, Gerald George, Glenn Miller, Gordon Edwards, Greg Wilson, Heather Robeson, Jakob Shockey, James Barron, James Smith, Jamie Bettaso, Jamie Glasgow, Jason Dunham, Jason Nuckols, Jason Wilcox, Jayne Brim Box, Jeanette Howard, Jeff Gottfried, Jeff Johnson, Jeff McEnroe, Jeff Sorensen, Jeff Ziller, Jeffrey Kee, Jennifer Heron, Jennifer Parsons, Jennifer Vanderhoof, Jeremy Lees, Jeremy Romer, Jeremy Tiemann, Jerry Mitchell, Joanne Richter, Jochen Gerber, Joe Lemanski, Joe Slusark, Joel Sauder, John Crandall, John Erhardt, John Fleckenstein, John Winkowski, Jon Ives, Jon Mageroy, Jonathan Nott, Jonathan Scordino, Jonathan Young, Jose Bartoszek, Joseph Furnish, Julie Tyson, Justin Alvarez, Justin Garwood, Justin Miles, Justin Peterson, Justin Smith, Justin Peterson, Kai Palenscar, Karen Mock, Kate Macneale, Kate Meyer, Kathy Thornburgh, Katrina Stipec, Keith Bensen, Kelly Toy, Kendra Chan, Kevin Aitkin , Kevin Cummings, Kim Frerichs Stone, Kurt Carpenter, Larry Dalton, Larry Scofield, Laura Guderyahn, Laura Johnson, Laura McMullen, Laura Rost, Laura Tesler, LaVonne Rhyneer, Lea Gelling, Lee Cain, Liam O'Brien, Linda Ward, Lindsey Groves , Lisa Torunski, Lorri Duckworth, Lorrie Haley, Maggiew Drews, Mara Zimmerman, Maria Ellis, Maria Pacioretty, Marie Winkowski, Mark LaRiviere, Mark Mouser, Mark Ports, Mary Hanson, Marylynne Kostick, Matt Bowser, Matt Hill, Matthew Baerwalde, Matthew Weeber, Melissa Olson, Michael Crawford, Michele Huff, Michele Weaver, Michelle McSwain, Michelle Steg-Geltner, Mickey Means-Brous, Mike Fitz, Mike Miles, Mike Mulvey, Mindy Allen, Miranda Plumb, Molly Hallock, Nancy Duncan, Nicole Cartwright, Patrick Norton, Patrick Quinn, Patty Morrison, Paul Norwood, Paul Pickett, Paul Scheerer, Pete Baki, Peter Bahls, Peter Hovingh, Peter Kauss, Philip Mathias, Ray Heller, Ray Kinney, Ray Perkins, Ray Rivera, Ray Temple, Reilly Newman, Renee Scherdnick, Rob Emanuel, Robin Wignall, Roger Tabor, Rollie Schmitten, Ron Constable, Roy Iwai, Russ Bellmer, Ryan Houston, Ryan Merle, Sandi Bunyard, Sarah Brandy, Scott Loarie, Shana Gross, Shanda McGraw, Shelly Miller, Sophia Kim, Stefan Kelly , Stephanie Carlson, Stephanie Eckard, Stephen Conroy, Steve Clark, Steve Hummel, Steve Lysne, Steve Stampfli, Steve Trask, Taehwan Lee, Teal Waterstrat, Terry Frest, Terry Myers, Thomas Quinn, Tierra Curry, Timothy Pearce, Todd Confer, Todd Folsom, Tom Burke, Tom Watters, Tony Macleod, Tony Spitzack, Torrey Rodgers, Travis Williams, Trevor Sheffels, Trevor Swanson, Troy Brandt, Tyler Beals, Tyler Schade, and Wendy Walsh.
Institutions
Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Applegate Partnership and Watershed Council, Arizona Department of Fish and Game, B.C. Ministry of Environment Conservation Data Centre, Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Barrick Museum, Bio-Surveys, L.L.C., Brigham Young University, California Academy of Sciences Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Natural Diversity Database, Canada Ministry of the Environment, Canadian Biodiversity Information, Canadian Museum of Nature, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Cincinnati Museum Center, City of Boise, City of Portland, City of Redmond, Clean Water Services, Coast Fork Watershed Council, Coeur d'Alene Tribe, College of Western Idaho, Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Mussel Project, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs, Deixis Consultants, EcoAnalysts, ENTRIX, Field Museum of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Hoopa Valley Tribe, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Illinois Natural History Survey, inaturalist.org, Interagency Special Status Sensitive Species Program, US Forest Service and US Bureau of Land Management, Karuk Tribe, King County, Kitsap County, Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership, Luckiamute Watershed Council, Montana Natural Heritage Program, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Museum of the North, University of Alaska, National Park Service, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, NatureServe, Nez Perce Tribe, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, North Santiam Watershed Council, Northern Nevada Community College, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Oregon State University, Orma J. Smith Museum of Natural History, College of Idaho, Pacific Northwest Native Freshwater Workgroup, Pierce County, Presidio Trust, Puget Sound Stream Benthos online database, R2 Resource Consultants, Redwood National and State Parks, Royal British Columbia Museum, Salt Spring Island Conservancy, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Skagit Fisheries Enhancement Group, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Snohomish County, Snoqualmie Indian Tribe, Sonoma County Water Agency, Spring Rivers Ecological Sciences, Stanford University, Stantec, Susanville Indian Rancheria, Tahoe Resource Conservation District, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, The California Environmental Data Exchange Network (CEDEN), The Division of Molluscs, Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, The Nature Conservancy, Thurston County, Trinity River Restoration Program, Tuolumne Aquatic Resources Relational Inventory (TARRI), Turlock Irrigation District / Don Pedro Recreation Agency, Umpqua Watersheds, University of Alaska, University of Alaska Museum, University of Alberta, University of Arizona, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, University of Texas at El Paso, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Bureau of Land Management, US Department of Energy, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, US Geological Survey and the BISON database, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Native Aquatics Program, Utah Museum of Natural History, Utah State University, Utah State University/U.S. Bureau of Land Management BugLab, Washington Department of Ecology, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Transportation, Wild Fish Conservancy, Willamette Riverkeeper, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Yakama Nation, Yale Peabody Museum, and Yurok Tribe.
Peer-Reviewed Literature and Unpublished Reports
Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Anodonta californiensis. Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5 pp.
Baily, J.L. Jr., and R.I. Baily. 1951. Further observations on the Mollusca of the Relict Lakes in the Great Basin. The Nautilus 63(2): 46-53.
Beetle, D.E. 1989. Checklist of the recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA. The Great Basin Naturalist 49(4): 637-645.
Beetle, D.E. 1957. The Mollusca of Teton County, Wyoming. The Nautilus 71(1): 12-22.
Bensen, K. 2010. 2005-2009 Summary of western pearlshell freshwater mussel monitoring in Mill Creek and 2009 Inventory in Redwood Creek. Redwood National and State Parks, Orick, CA.
Bequaert, J.C. and W.B. Miller. 1973. The Mollusks of the Arid Southwest with an Arizona Check List. The University of Arizona Press.
Bettaso, J.B., and D.H. Goodman. 2010. A Comparison of Mercury Contamination in Mussel and Ammocoete Filter Feeders. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1:142–145.
BioAnalysts, Inc. 2006. Aquatic macroinvertebrate inventory and RTE assessment. Wells Hydroelectric Project. FERC No. 2149. Prepared for Public Utility District No. 1 of Douglas County, East Wenatchee, WA.
Black, B.A., J.B. Dunham, B.W. Blundon, M.F. Raggon, and D. Zima. 2010. Spatial Variability in Growth-Increment Chronologies of Long-Lived Freshwater Mussels: Implications for Climate Impacts and Reconstructions. Ecoscience 17:240–250.
Black, B.A., J.B. Dunham, B.W. Blundon, J. Brim Box, A.J. Tepley. 2015. Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest. Global change biology 21:594–604.
Bonnot, P. 1951. The fresh-water mussels of California. California Fish and Game. 37(4): 485-487.
Bowersox, R.J. 2003. Salinity tolerance of the freshwater mussel Anodonta dejecta Lewis in holocene Lake Cahuilla, southeastern California: A caution in the use of fossil freshwater mussels as a freshwater indicator in stable isotope studies. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, vol. 35, no. 6, p. 212.
Branson, B.A. 1977. Freshwater and terrestrial Mollusca of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. The Veliger 19(3): 310-330.
Branson, B.A. and R.M. Branson. 1984. Distributional records for terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Cascade and coastal ranges, Oregon. The Veliger 26(4): 248-257.
Butkus, S. 2015. Assessment of shell beneficial use in the Russian River watershed. North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board.
Button, F.L. 1900. Unionidae in a tunnel. The Nautilus 13(11): 130.
Byron, E., and J. Tupen. 2017. Mussels of the Upper Klamath River, Oregon and California. California fish and game 103:21–26.
Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. 2005. [web resource]. Available: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/portal/digir-searcht.php (accessed 10 October 2005).
Carlton, H.P. 1870. Shells of Antioch, California and vicinity. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4: 50-52.
Carlton, H.P. 1870. Shells of Truckee River and vicinity. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4: 57-58.
Carpenter, P.P. 1856. Monograph of the shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the California coast, in the years 1834-1835. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24: 209-229.
Chamberlin, R.V. and D.T. Jones. 1929. A descriptive catalog of the Mollusca of Utah. Bulletin of the University of Utah 1(1): 1-203.
Cheney, M.A., J. Liu, A. Amei, X. Zhao, S.W. Joo, and S. Qian. 2009. A comparative study on the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Anodonta californiensis. Environmental Pollution 157: 601-608.
Chong, J.P., J.C. Brim Box, J.K. Howard, D. Wolf, T.L. Myers, K.E. Mock. 2008. Three deeply divided lineages of the freshwater mussel genus Anodonta in western North America. Conservation Genetics 9:1303-1309.
Clarke, A.H. 1973. The Freshwater Molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 13(1-2):1–509.
Colfax, Yvonne. Yakama Nation, mussel proposal. Unpublished resource.
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2003. Assessment and status report on the Rocky Mountain ridged mussel Gonidea angulata in Canada. Ottawa, Canada.
Coney, C.C. 1993. Freshwater Mollusca of the Los Angeles River: past and present status and distribution. In The Biota of the Los Angeles River: an overview of the historical and present plant and animal life of the Los Angeles River drainage. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. K.L. Garrett. Pp. C1-C25.
Cooper, J.G. 1870. On shells of the west slope of North America. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4: 149-154.
Cooper, J.G. 1890. Fresh-water Mollusca of San Francisco County. Zoe 1(7): 196-197.
Culleton, B.J. 2006. Implications of a freshwater radiocarbon reservoir correction for the timing of the late Holocene settlement of the Elk Hills, Kern County, California. Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 1331-1339.
Culver, M., R. Fitak, and T. Myers. 2012. California Floater Genetics. Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Grant I09010.
Cvancara, A. =M. 2005. Illustrated Key to Wyoming’s Freshwater Mussels.
D’Eliscu, P.N. 1972. Observation of the glochidium, metamorphosis, and juvenile of Anodonta californiensis Lea, 1857. The Veliger 15(1): 57-58.
Dall, W.H. 1908. Notes on Gonidea angulata Lea, a freshwater bivalve, with description of a new variety. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 4(4): 499-500. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
Davis, E. 2008. Freshwater mussel abundance, distribution, and habitat preference in two northern California rivers within Karuk ancestral territory. Thesis. Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA.
Davis, E. A., A.T. David, K.M. Norgaard, T.H. Parker, K. McKay, C. Tennant, T. Soto, K. Rowe, and R. Reed. 2013. Distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels in the mid Klamath Subbasin, California. Northwest Science 87(3): 189-206.
Davis, L.G. and K. Muehlenbachs. 2001. A late Pleistocene to Holocene record of precipitation reflected in Margaritifera falcata shell 18O from three archaeological sites in the Lower Salmon River Canyon, Idaho. Journal of Archaeological Science 28: 291-303.
De Ferrari, C, E. Brnadon, and E. Billman. 2018. Salvage and relocation of Western Pearlshell Mussel from Tincup Creek, Idaho. Annual Report. September 2018. Brigham Young University-Idaho.
De Laguna, F. 1947. The prehistory of northern North America as seen from the Yukon. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 3. Menasha, WI: Society of American Archeology. [Reprinted 1980. New York: AMS Press.]"
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DeMartini, J.D. 2005. The papershell clam, Anodonta californiensis. Redwood Science Project, Humboldt State University.
Dipeso, C.C. 1953. The Sobapuri Indians of the Upper San Pedro River Valley, Southwestern Arizona. The Amerind Foundation 7. Dragoon, Arizona.
ENTRIX, Inc. 2007. Draft freshwater mussel report for Sunset Stables Restoration and Resource Management Plan Project. Sacramento, CA. 24 pp.
Eyerdam, W.J. 1934. Land and freshwater snails from the vicinity of Yakima, Washington. The Nautilus XLVIII: 46-48.
Fevold, K. and J. Vanderhoof. 2002. Freshwater mussels found in Bear and Cottage Lake Creeks during habitat assessments in 2001. In conjunction with the Sammamish-Washington Assessment and Modeling Program.
French, L. 2005. Electronic database containing Gonidea angulata survey results from the Okanagan basin. [electronic resource].
Frest, T.J. 1999. A review of the land and freshwater mollusks of Idaho. Prepared for the Idaho Conservation Data Center. Seattle, WA. 281 pp. plus appendices. Lower Salmon River Populations still persist in the St. Joe and St. Marie system, the Little S
Frest, T.J., and E. Johannes. 1991. Mollusc fauna in the vicinity of three proposed hydroelectric projects on the middle Snake River, central Idaho. Final report submitted to Don Chapman Associates, Inc., Boise, ID. Deixis Consultants, Seattle, WA. 60 p
Frest, T.J., and E.J. Johannes. 1995. Freshwater Molluscs of the Upper Sacramento System, California. State of California Department of Fish and Game Annual Report. Deixis Consultants, Seattle, WA.
Frest, T.J., and E.J. Johannes. 1997. Upper Sacramento System Freshwater Mollusk Monitoring, California: with particular reference to the Cantara Spill, Cantara Trustee Council, 1996 Yearly Report. Deixis Consultants, Seattle, WA.
Frest, T.J., and E.J. Johannes. 2000. An annotated checklist of Idaho land and freshwater mollusks. Journal of the Idaho Academy of Science 36:1–51.
Gould, A.A. 1850. Descriptions of new species of shells. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3(19): 292-296.
Gustafson, R.G. and E.M. Iwamoto. 2005. A DNA-based identification key to Pacific Northwest freshwater mussel glochidia: Importance to salmonid and mussel conservation. Northwest Science 79(4): 233-245.
Haas, F. 1954. Non-marine mollusks from the Pacific slope of North America. The Nautilus 67(3): 94-96.
Haley, L., M. Ellis, and J. Cook. 2007. Reproductive timing of freshwater mussels and potential impacts of pulsed flows on reproductive success. Spring Rivers Ecological Sciences, LLC. Prepared for: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program.
Hannibal. H. 1912. The aquatic mollusks of southern California and adjacent regions, a transition fauna. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 11(1):18-46.
Harman, W.N. 1970. Notes. The Nautilus 83(3): 112-115.
Hastie, L.C. and K.A. Toy. 2008. Changes in density, age structure and age-specific mortality in two western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) populations in Washington (1995-2006). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 671-678.
Heard, W.H. 1975. Sexuality and other aspects of reproduction in Anodonta (Pelecypoda: Unionidae). Malacologia 15(1): 81-103.
Helmstetler, H. 2006. Population structure and pollutant levels of freshwater mussels in the mid-Columbia River. Masters thesis, Walla Walla College, Walla Walla, WA.
Helmstetler, H. and D.L. Cowles. 2008. Population characteristics of native freshwater mussels in the mid-Columbia and Clearwater Rivers, Washington state. Northwest Science 82(3): 211-221.
Hemphill, H. 1891. A collector’s notes on variation in shells, with some new varieties. Zoe 1(11): 321-337.
Henderson, J. 1907. The Mollusca of Colorado. University of Colorado Studies 4(2): 77-96.
Henderson, J. 1929. Non-marine mollusca of Oregon and Washington. University of Colorado Studies 17(2): 47-191.
Henderson, J. 1931. The problem of the mollusca of Bear Lake and Utah Lake, Idaho-Utah. The Nautilus 44(4): 109-113.
Henderson, J. 1935. Margaritifera and Fluminicola in Wyoming. The Nautilus 48(3): 107.
Henderson, J. 1936. Mollusca of Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming-supplement. University of Colorado Studies 23(2): 81-145.
Henderson, J. 1936. The non-marine Mollusca of Oregon and Washington a supplement. University of Colorado Studies 23(4): 251-280.
Herrmann, S.J. and J.R. Fajt. 1985. Additional Colorado records of Anodonta grandis grandis Say (Bivalvia: Unionidae). The Nautilus 99:107–109.
Hogle, C. Genetic and demographic structure of three western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) populations in the western Great Basin, USA. Unpublished resource.
Hovingh, P. 2004. Intermountain freshwater mollusks, USA (Margaritifera, Anodonta, Gonidea, Valvata, Ferrissia): geography, conservation, and fish management implications. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 2: 109-135.
Howard, J. 2008. Strategic Inventory of Freshwater Mussels in the Northern Sierra Nevada Province. Prepared for: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region.
Howard, J. 2010. Sensitive Freshwater Mussel Surveys in the Pacific Southwest Region: Assessment of Conservation Status. Prepared for: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Regional Office.
Howard, J. 2013. Upper Truckee Airport Reach freshwater mussel (Margaritifera falcata) relocation: two years later. Unpublished report.
Howard, J.K., J.L. Furnish, J. Brim Box, and S. Jepsen. 2015. The decline of native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida) in California as determined from historical and current surveys. California Fish and Game 101:8–23.
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Jones, D.T. 1940. Recent Collections of Utah Mollusca, with Extralimital Records From Certain Utah Cabinets. The Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 1908-1980: fall meetings, Utah State University Logan, Utah. 17: 33-45.
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Lea, I. 1856. Description of new freshwater shells from California. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8(2): 80-81.
Lea, I. 1860. Descriptions of seven new species of Unionidae from the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12: 306-307.
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Myers, T.L. 2005. Site records of Anodonta californiensis (including references to A. dejecta and A. mearnsiana) in the Colorado River basin, Guzman Basin, and upper Rio Yaqui basin. Unpublished data.
Neitzel, D.A., and T.J. Frest. 1993. Survey of Columbia River Basin streams for Columbia pebblesnail Fluminicola columbiana and shortface lanx Fisherola nuttalli. PNL-8229, Rev. 1. Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy.
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Last updated: February 14, 2020